Together Against Genocide - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 6 Words: 1657 Downloads: 2 Date added: 2019/10/30 Category History Essay Level High school Tags: Genocide Essay Did you like this example? Together against Genocide   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   In 2003 300,000 people were brutally murdered in the Darfur province. Eight years before the tragedy of Darfur another genocide took place in Bosnia, and just one year before that 800,000 were killed in Rwanda. These are just some of the most recent examples of mass killings in history. Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "Together Against Genocide" essay for you Create order The human race has a horrible past when it comes to genocide and hate crimes. In 1941 the Holocaust took place throughout Germany and claimed the lives of nearly 12 million human beings. After the terror of the holocaust people believed that nothing like it could ever happen again. For nearly 45 years this was true and there were no mass deaths. Unfortunately it did not last and another tragedy in cambodia claimed the lives of another 2 million people. With the repeating patterns of genocide we must look into the past in order to prevent more horrors. Even today hate crimes are rampant throughout modern day america. We must wonder how this is possible after the atrocities of the past.   The education system across the globe has failed to teach children about the human races dark times, and it has lead to the continuation of hate crimes and genocide into the present day. In order to prevent future atrocities we must teach and discuss the mistakes of the past across the globe. In order to remember we start in Cambodia 1975 where nearly 2 million were killed in one of the worst genocides in history. Khmer Rouge took control of the cambodian government and advertised he was turning the country into a communist country. His regime moved people to camps similar to the ones in nazi Germany. People with educations and prominent leaders were the first people targeted, then the elderly, handicapped, and children because of their inability to perform harsh labor. Even the youngest were not saved from the regime cruelty, in fact they operated off of the belief that in order to stop the weeds you must also pull up their roots(United to End Genocide). People across the world were aware of the atrocities going on in Cambodia. Unfortunately neither the United states nor the European Union acted to save the lives of the millions that were being slaughtered in the regimes killing fields. The U.S had recently lost the Vietnam war causing them to be reluctant to take action . Public opinion of the genocide eventually became stronger but never amounted to action. Hate in cambodia was rampant throughout the 1970s. Unfortunately the conditions today are following many of the patterns that caused genocide in the past. According to the Washington Post hate crimes in the U.Ss 10 largest cities have increased by twelve percent last year(Hauslohner). With hate crimes on the rise we must wonder if the messages people receive as children are causing an influx in hate. By discussing the horrors of the past and exposing children to other ethnicities it is possible to help prevent the possibility of further genocide. Rwanda was yet another time in history when the terrors of human hate ended with the mass killing of thousands. A civil war had broken out between the tutsis and hutus in the early 1990s. A peace treaty was created between the two groups, but when a plane was shot down carrying the presidents of Rwanda and Burundi the war broke out again. The Hutu rebels took over the streets of Kigali and Within a day, the Hutus had successfully eliminated Rwandas moderate leadership. As the weeks progressed, Tutsis and anyone suspected of having any ties to a Tutsi, were killed(United to end Genocide). The radio became the Hutus most powerful weapon, upon which speeches encouraging citizens to go to the streets and kill those of the tutsis minority. The radio was also used to justify the mass killings by dehumanize the tutsis by calling them animals and cockroaches which made it easier to kill them. The radio was able to mask the genocide, instead portraying it as a slave rebellion by telling stori es of oppression under tutsis rule. In addition to the rampant murder rape was used as a weapon to destroy the tutsis ethnicity. Throughout the genocide it is estimated that between 250,000 and 500,000 women were raped. It was considered another way to destroy the Tutsi ethnic group, through both the emotional pain (so the woman could die of sadness), and through the health problems that would be a result. Often times, women did not even have to succumb to the aftermath of rape as they were often immediately killed right after(United to end Genocide). The genocide occurred in the late 20th century were again the international powers were well aware of the horrors happening in Rwanda. Unfortunately none of the world powers were willing to get involved. The New York Times and Washington Post both wrote articles that describe the genocide and the six feet tall piles of bodies that scattered Rwanda streets. The U.S deliberately didnt call the massacre in Rwanda genocide which kept them from being involved. In fact when the UN peacekeeping nation finally decided to help the tutsis the U.S was on the forefront backing the UNs exit of Rwanda believing that it would cause an expensive war for America. Unfortunately this was one of the worlds most efficient massacres in human history in which 800,000 were killed in the span of 100 days. Much like the Holocaust killings were brutally efficient and humanity was nonexistent. Both genocides targeted a minority group and blamed the group for their past suffering. By recognizing such future patterns we will be able to prevent and stop genocide before it begins. One of the best ways to help people understand the horrors of the past is by providing an example of someone telling the story first hand. The novel Night by Elie Wiesel is an account of the authors experience in surviving the Holocaust. Elie is just arriving at Auschwitz one of the main concentration camps in Nazi germany when he is shocked by the sheer brutality and says Never shall I forget that night, the first night in camp, which has turned my life into one long night, seven times cursed and seven times sealed. Never shall I forget that smoke. Never shall I forget the little faces of the children, whose bodies I saw turned into wreaths of smoke beneath a silent blue sky(Weisel 76). First hand accounts are one of the best ways to educate people about the atrocities that have happened to millions of people in the past. This example shows some of the horrors an everyday person witnessed and struggled through. If people can understand how terrible actions such as these can affect a person then they will be more motivated to respond in future situations. After the Holocaust the United States pledged that Never again(United to End Genocide) should the crime of genocide happen. Yet again and again have similar horrors happened and the U.S and other nations stood by while innocent people are slaughtered. No person should ever have to go through the horrors of genocide. Even after someone has survived they are never the same. After the holocaust was finished elie was in the hospital when One day when I was able to get up, I decided to look at myself in the mirror on the opposite wall. I had not seen myself since the ghetto. From the depths of the mirror, a corpse was contemplating me. The look in his eyes as he gazed at me has never left me (Weisel 115). Even though Elie was liberated he feels the death of his fellow people. The feeling will never leave him which is not something that any person deserves. He feels the death of his Dad, Mom, and sisters along with the millions of other people he witnessed slaughtered during the Holocaust. The effects of such loss is unimaginable to millions of people across the globe. Elies story has been able to motivate thousands of people across the globe. Unfortunately there are many stories just like his that have gone untold. If more people are able to hear about stories like Elies then more and more people will want to step up and help if something similar to these previous genocides were to happen again. The tragedies in Rwanda, Cambodia, and Germany were just a few of the examples of mass genocide in human history. People like Elie are present day living examples of the affects genocide can have on a persons life. Elie lost his family, friends, and people during the Holocaust; his life was turned upside down and changed forever. The possibility of such cruelty often surprising to many but unfortunately it has not been enough to stand up for others facing more recent genocides. The tragedy in Rwanda was ignored by the world and 800,000 lives were lost as a consequence. In Cambodia 2 million died in yet another genocide that went unnoticed by the world. Patterns such as these are how genocide has even become a possibility which in the past lead to reality.   When people do not voice their concerns and disagreement against atrocities people are hurt, families are lost and the human race is torn apart. Hate roots from the early beginnings of childhood. Revisiting what children are tau ght in school and at home could be critical to reducing hate and even genocide in future generations. Ultimately, standing by while people are heartlessly slaughtered should not be how the human race functions and therefore things must change. From prevention that starts from childhood to stopping genocide when signs first appear, together the human race can end genocide. Works Cited Dolor, L.I. Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetuer adipiscing elit, 1998. Print. Dolor, L.I. Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetuer adipiscing elit, sed diam nonummy nibh. New York: Columbia UP, 1998. Print. Doe, R. John.   Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetuer adipiscing elit, sed diam nonummy nibh, 1998. Print.

Sex Education And Sexual Education - 884 Words

â€Å"After a while, sex became a reality. It’s a lot harder to abstain when you’re actually in the moment, faced with that decision† (Stevens). Individuals encounter the reality of coming face to face with the temptations of intercourse; over time it becomes harder to sustain from joining the system. Students devour lust, but do not know how to control themselves and sex education provides substantial advice. With this in mind, sex education provides preparedness, answers questions, and creates awareness. To begin with, sex education creates the state of readiness. One way it proves this is with preventing pregnancies. The article â€Å"Effective Sex Education† by Brigid McKeon states, â€Å"Though the teen birth rate has declined to its lowest levels since data collection began, the United States still has the highest teen birth rate.† The above quote presents that other countries are more efficient in providing sex education than the United States. Moreover, sex education can provide knowledge which can prevent sexually transmitted diseases. The article â€Å"Sex Education and STDS: Why the Message Matters† by Sandra Smith states â€Å" high-quality sex education curricula that have been shown to be effective in†¦ reducing the number of STDs in youth are those that not only discuss the dangers of high-risk sexual activity, but also address multiple factors affecting sexual behavior, such as perceived risk†¦Ã¢â‚¬  Sex education reduces the risk in tee nagers of being affected with a sexually transmittedShow MoreRelatedSex Education And Sexual Education1253 Words   |  6 Pagesteach sexual education classes, or teach abstinence education classes? Pregnancy rates in America are slowly decreasing, but are still extremely high. According to K. F. Stanger-Hall (2011), Pregnancy rates in America are more than double the rates of other countries with 72.2% per 1000 girls between the ages of 15-19 becoming pregnant. The best way to lower teen pregnancy is to teach about prevention in schools with sex education or abstinence classes. Teenagers need to learn about sex so thatRead MoreSex Education And Sexual Education991 Words   |  4 PagesCountless avenues shape our knowledge of sex; whether its teachers, parents, media, or other sources. At some point most individuals receive an account of sex education. These lessons, connections, and knowledge we acquire impact our ideas about sex. The subject of my interview, whom we’l l refer to as Jessica, was no exception. Jessica is a 21-year-old, who grew up in a small, conservative North Carolina town. The public schools she attended taught sex education from an abstinence perspective and usedRead MoreSexual Education And Sex Education1762 Words   |  8 Pagesimportance of sexual education and describe differences and similarities in some of the research done on this topic. Having sexual education available to youth is the key in reducing the number of unwanted situations in the sexual health of the individuals. Teaching adolescents about sex is beneficial because they become aware of consequence that might follow specific actions. This is a chance to ensure adolescents take safer routes when deciding to become sexually active. Youth sexual education has beenRead MoreSex Education And Sexual Education Essay1326 Words   |  6 Pagesalways affected the essence and teaching of sex education in the United States in different ways. Various sexual education methods exits, however comprehensive and abstinence-only programs are the most commonly know in public schools. Although many schools in the United States prefer to give an abstinence-only lecture, the results shown proof that these programs are ineffective because it simply does not fit the reality we live in, comprehensive sex education works better, and they do not offer honestRead MoreSexual Education And Sex Education1358 Words   |  6 PagesDo Not Have Sex, You Will Get Pregnant Die (Mean Girls) What if a rapist was coming at someone? Do kids know what to do besides lie on the ground and cry? What if a teenager had an unplanned pregnancy? Do they know their options about abortion or adoption or keeping the baby? Will young adults know the results of their choices? Sexual education teaches all of the following, and kids in the curriculum are more likely to defend themselves in a plot when they were approached by a stranger (â€Å"TeachingRead MoreSex Education And Sexual Education1632 Words   |  7 Pagessystems in the United states have been implementing sexual education into classrooms. Arguments are abundant when dealing with such fragile situations and there are many advantages and disadvantages of sexual education being taught in the public schools. It seems that most parents are either strongly for or against sex education classes, but there are a few parents that are on both sides. In fact, there are more parents that support sex education classes. However, there ar e pros and cons that mustRead MoreSex Education And Sexual Education1365 Words   |  6 PagesSex education is and always has been lacking in our country. An increase in sexual education would be greatly appreciated from almost everybody, especially with how high the sexually transmitted disease rate has raised in the past twenty years. Sex education can be used to teach young people how to have safe sex and show them the scary truths of sex that they are never taught otherwise. To lower STD rates and raise pregnancy awareness in younger people, schools and parents should be teaching childrenRead MoreSex Education And Sexual Education948 Words   |  4 Pagescomprehensive sex education taught in schools. One the other hand, the opponents believe that the reason for this decline is the sex education classes that teach about not having sex. Even when most schools are teaching abstinences only sex education about sixty-six percent of high school students says they are sexually active . Which concludes that the abstinences only sex education is not working and is not the proper way of teaching sex education in schools. Not teaching proper sex education may resultRead MoreSex Education And Comprehensive Sexual Education1609 Words   |  7 PagesLet s talk about sex. Stances on comprehensive sexual education vary, whether it be from religious beliefs or past experiences, different views are held throughout. It is in the interests of society in general... for every secondary school pupil to be in receipt of sexual education† (Cumper 16). The phrase ‘it’s better to be safe than sorry’ applies heavily on the topic of sex education, the idea of a pregnant and STD ridden 15 year old tends to frighten a million times more than the thought ofRead MoreSex Education : Comprehensive Sexual Education972 Words   |  4 PagesSex Education Comprehensive sexual education has long been a contentious issue within the United States of America. Owing largely to America’s history and culture, sexual education has long been stigmatized as unnecessary involvement in the private life, or even misattributed to rising rates of pregnancy and sexually transmitted infections. A U.S. review article, however, poses the opposite argument – â€Å"The overwhelming weight of evidence reveals that sex education which discusses contraception

Organizational Behaviour of B&Q - Click To Get Solution

Questions: 1. Current structure and culture at BQ and comparison with Coca Cola?2. Different approaches for the leader ship and management?3. Use of different motivation theories across coca cola and BQ?4. Understand mechanisms for developing effective teamwork in organisations? Answers: 1. Current structure and culture at BQ and comparison with Coca Cola: B Q is a public limited company which was founded in 1969, by Richard Block and David Quayle in UK. For this the company is originally named as Block Quayle. It has many stores across the world. It is a retailing industry. The product of this company is DIY home improvement tool and Gardening supplies and plants. P1.1: In the above mentioned case the B Q Company has followed different workforce diversity in terms of age, organizational culture, language, behaviour, and management. This helps the organization to increase its productivity and creativity (Asaecenter.org, 2015). The above case shows that the B Q Company tends to hire old age employee rather than young employee. The management of the company realised the benefits of hiring old age people. Old age people are more dedicated to the work than young people. They can provide high quality product. Senior people are highly committed to their work. They are likely to arrive at the workplace at right time (BandQ-Annual-Review-2013-2014, 2015). Employees of old age are mostly honest which include personal integrity and devotion to the truth. These kinds of employees are good listeners, so they can be trained in an easier way for improvement. Pride in job done rather than final product can be seen among the young people, whereas old people only believe in final product. The experience of old age people can be utilized in the improvement of product. They are confident to recommend their ideas for organizational development. Hiring old age is also a cost effective strategy. For this reason it can be seen that the Macclesfield store had done better than other stores (Bhasin, 2012). B Q follows an organic structure in their system, which may not be highly specialised, and employees may perform a variety of tasks to accomplish the group task. Tasks are not elaborately specified; they may be adjusted and redefined through employee interaction. Informal hierarchy of authority and control with few roles is maintained. Knowledge and control of task are located anywhere in the organization. Communication is horizontal and employees talk to whomever they need to communicate with (C U S T O M E R S U C C E S S, 2015). We can compare the structure of B Q Company with the structure of Coca Cola Company, where this company also follows the organic structure. As the success of the company depends on its ability to connect with local consumers, it makes sense for the coca cola company to be organized into a regional structure which combines centralisation and localisation (Ciber.com, 2015). P1.2: Organizational culture can be defined as a general constellation of belief, morals, value systems, behavioural norms, and ways of doing business that are unique to each corporation. The employees of B Q Company seem to share a concern for the value of time. Thos create dominant culture in the organization. Dominant culture is marked as a set of core values that are shared by a majority of the organizational members (CIYUAN, 2015). The subculture of this company is expressed as a set of values that are shared by a specific group of division. The employees of this company who share a same kind of problem share the problem with each other to solve that problem. This company support workforce diversity in their organisational culture to establish their organization worldwide. They use diversity in language in a positive way to connect with people worldwide (Davies et al., 2015). The core values of B Q are intensively held and widely used. This makes the strong culture of that com pany. The more the core values are shared the stronger the culture of the organization is. In order for people to share the same culture, there is an orientation programme in this company that tells the new comer the philosophy and method of operation of the company. They promote employees who hold the core values, which in turn help others to as well to better understand the core value. They usually avoid weak culture where employees do not share anything to each other. This in turn creates high turnover (Diy.com, 2015). Organizational culture facilitates the generation of commitment to something larger than ones individual self interest. The organizational culture of B Q Company can be compared to the culture of Coca Cola Company. The inclusive culture of Coca Cola Company is defined by core values: leadership, passion, diversity, accountability, collaboration, quality. The diversity workplace strategy of this company is to attract, retain, and develop diverse talent, and to provide support to the people with diverse background. They also educate all their associates to develop the skill of the employees to achieve goal of the organization and sustain growth (Docslide.us, 2015). The structure of the company is a framework for the culture which is to be implemented. Culture dictates how a structure of a company would be. Functional organizational structure severely affect the performance of a company by the time it takes flow of communication through various levels of hierarchy which makes the organization slow to cop up with new technology, the economy, the political party, social and cultural changes (EDWARDS, 1970). On the other hand divisional structure has greater flexibility in the operation of the business. This increases the capability of an organization to make change which makes the company competitive, able to meet the changing needs of the customers. In the above mentioned case we can see that the diversity manager reports directly to the chief executive. From this it can be realised that B Q Company follows an organic structure where communication is flexible. One can share problems with each other. Diversity in communication widens communicatio n channels in which employees can directly communicate with chief executive to share problem (Ferris, 2015). P1.3: Employees of the company need to feel happy and comfortable in the workplace. The employees of B Q Company are asked what they can perform best and then they are assigned a job so that they can give best results. Effective communication is maintained in this company. As this organization follows organic structure the employees of this organization makes a good friendship with each other (Ivythesis.typepad.com, 2015). 2. Different approaches for the leader ship and management: P.2.1 Leadership and Management style at BQ In an organization, leader plays a role to motivate the employees to achieve the organizational goals. BQ has a leadership role in home improvement retailing to examine the sources of its products for ethical standards. In UK, BQ is considered to be a market leader. As comparison with its nearby competitors, the industrys size is twice. The mission of BQ is to help the customers to improve their home by giving varieties of products that is required to improve their homed under one roof (Kammerer, 2015). BQ has flatter organizational structure to reflect its culture. Employees have the power to express their own ideas relating to the business. Thus, they have freedom to express their thoughts with the senior managers. BQ focuses to achieve the organizational goals for future growth. For example, recently BQ launched Dragons Den-style panel which helps to filter the innovative ideas of the workers, which is known as Innovation Den. The employees those are working within an organization are differentiated from each other by work attitudes, age, education, values and aspirations (Legacee, 2015). Leadership and Management Style at Coca Cola Coca cola is the leader in beverage and food industry and well known for its high sales. The vision of Coca Cola is to inspire the workers to achieve their goal. In this industrys management style, the employees are given responsibilities to make their own decisions. The employees will be responsible for taking any kind of wrong decisions (Researchgate.net, 2015). The managers want feedback from the employees on the decisions they have made. This kind of management is better for the employees as it makes them happy and the productivity is also high. Coca cola focuses on the programs that help to assure the success of their commitment to embracing the similarities and differences of the ideas, cultures and people (Managementparadise.com, 2015). P.2.2 Leadership and management style at BQ is supported by organizational theory: At BQ, it uses learning, development and performance as the motivational tools. The staffs are friendly and customer oriented and they are providing better customer service as well as they have product knowledge. As per the Henri Fayols organizational theory, the staffs are specialized in different departments and the productivity increases as the staffs are well skilled and efficient in their work. Fayol includes the functional areas such as planning, directing, controlling, organizing and coordinating. At BQ, the industry moves towards the objectives in a direction (Sami Malallah's Blog, 2010). Organisational theory defines how diverse people work together. Diversity is to be considered as important issues due to increasing population and companies should focus on diversity as it has the potential of greater productivity. As per Taylors s theory, BQ needs to train the staffs to improve their effectiveness. This theory proposed that the staffs are required to train so that their efficiency is to be increased by changing the working conditions. Age is one of the traits within an organization (Scribd.com, 2015). Analysis by using relevant theories of Leadership and Management: BQ has a policy that the employees are selected based on their ability to provide the knowledge and service. According to behavioural theory of leadership and management, one employee is more educated than other, so that person is to be selected to lead the team and the employees are willing to follow the instructions. The task is to be distributed by the team leader. The work which is assigned to the employees should complete in time if the organization provides a suitable working environment to them. As per transformational theory, the employees are to be motivated under the authority (TEAM, 2015). For example, the manager aware their employees about the importance of task and inspires them to compete the task within time. Thus, this theory seeks to be self-interest. The leadership-management theory also states that rewards are also given to the employees to inspire the employees to be succeeded in the task; the rewards are profit sharing, financial rewards, and bonuses. p.2.3 Theories and other sources of information to evaluate different approaches in Coca Cola: The three approaches to Coca Cola are to meet the needs of the customers, to be the best industry at serving that particular market segment and to offer different types of products at different market segments. The two organizational theories are to be used to analyze Coca cola; those two theories are modernism theory and post modernism theory. Modernism theory states that the modern world is full of power as well as energy. The world is changing day-by-day and the taste of the customers is also changing so the industry is described by its production in the competitive market. Modernism means the creation of more new opportunities in the marketplace. Post modernism means arising a great difference on former period of modernity. Modernity can lead to certain changes. 3. Use of different motivation theories across coca cola and BQ: p.3.1 Impact of different leadership styles for motivation: To achieve the ultimate business success it is required for almost each of the organization to motivate their employees. It will be considered as much more beneficial for an organization if it became possible to involve employees for more of the challengeable task and let the employees to update their level of expertise and knowledge as per the task requirement (Harlacher, Potter and Weber, 2014). Numbers of motivational theories are there to bring out most of the objective oriented characteristics form employees. Those motivational theories consist of Hierarchy of needs, carrot and stick and Motivation-hygiene theory. To impose all of these theories, numbers of leadership style have been adopted in both of the organization. p.3.2 In case of BQ, managers and higher authorities are focused upon forming such a team that with loads of enthusiasm and with a nice attitude. In BQ there are numbers of teams to give ultimate support for the business processes and to have ultimate customer support. There are numbers of teams and leadership styles have been imposed on the organization to bring out better work flow within the organization. There are service team, Sales team, support team, expert team and there. Leaders in the service team are responsible for delivering great customer service and giving response to the customers feedback or any kind of queries. They motivate their employees to give their best when handling customer feedback (Ivythesis.typepad.com, 2015). Leaders within this team are much more focused upon improving team members interpersonal skill instigate them to be more dedicated using the stick and carrot theory on the other hand give team members the handful of training to deal with product cus tomization as per the customers requirement. On the other hand, members of the respective team are given proper support to let their potential customer know about the specification of their preferred products. There is also another training is provided to make customer happy by providing customer centric products and make customer satisfied at utmost level. On the other hand, being organised team leaders provide task and overall work processes in an organised manner and much more focused on building strong relationship with all customers (TrainingZone.co.uk, 2009). On the other had qualified experts are there in one store as a team and they are engaged to give professional advice on their knowledge domain. On the other hand Coca colas CEO succession process was known as the ad-hoc process. The leadership style of CEOs at the Coca Cola is different from the traditional leadership style. Companies like Coca Cola is focused upon the successful leadership styles, qualities and skills. In companies like Coca Cola assess their employees on the psychological factors depending upon the unique qualities. While they focus upon praising employees within the company evaluate employees and reward them as per their behaviours and work. Leader for different team in Coca Cola ensures that the employees are given an opportunity along with the motivation to learn and develop skills time to time by possessing successful leadership skills (Legacee, 2015). While it is required in an organization to develop different leadership theories, it is require in an organization to introduce some tools and methodologies, in order instigate employee performance towards a positive direction. There must be number of tools and methods needs to be introduced in order to get the more accurate and customer centric approach. For example, use of AI tools those can give managers and higher authorities some appropriate suggestions to mitigate risk and to take appropriate set of actions (Asaecenter.org, 2015). These AI tools are nothing but the machine learning tools those gather data from the central repository or can access data directly by the manual intervention. Data are fetched using mining tools and they are analyzed also using analytics tools. Numbers of AI tools are there those take advantage of all these analysis and learn to produce result or suggestion for a given scenarios. This system on the other hand gives the proper scenario to let the team members and higher authorities to give response quickly in account of a particular problem. Hence, it increases the overall possibility to instigate the level of customer satisfaction (BandQ-Annual-Review-2013-2014, 2015). p.3.3 Motivation theory helps manager to let their employees to be indulged more in taking challenges and to be more professional and expertise on overall system specification (BandQ-Annual-Review-2013-2014, 2015). 4. Understand mechanisms for developing effective teamwork in organisations: p.4.1 There are numbers of group within the BQ and these groups play an important role in water with the help of products group. There is also a UK youth group at every store of BQ. These youth groups are allowed to come into the store and four times in a year to raise money during pick trading periods. In BQ there are almost 5 existing stores where ration of sales have been grown with new LED lighting technology. LED lighting technology has been installed in seven respective stores by bringing the total number of stores with LED lighting to 2013. In the year of 2013, BQ has been completed a wide-ranging investment study for making analysis of available options for the offsite renewable energy generation. BQ is considering the net use of information and address the zero carbon challenge considering the long term support. The CSR team is now developing the detailed business case based upon the outputs based upon several reports (CIYUAN, 2015). p.4.2 BQ is much more indulged in hiring Employees of old age those are mostly honest which include personal integrity and devotion to the truth. They are likely to arrive at the workplace at right time. BQ has noticed these kinds of employees are good listeners, so they can be trained in an easier way for improvement (BandQ-Annual-Review-2013-2014, 2015). Pride in job done rather than final product can be seen among the young people, whereas old people only believe in final product. The experience of old age people can be utilized in the improvement of product. They are confident to recommend their ideas for organizational development. Hiring old age is also a cost effective strategy. For this reason it can be seen that the Macclesfield store had done better than other stores. On the other hand BQ believes to train their employees for upcoming trends in the market and there are numbers of technologies have been used, for example, use of LED light. At BQ, numbers of motivational tools are in use, such as learning, development and performance. The staffs are friendly and customer oriented and they are providing better customer service as well as they have product knowledge and they are highly motivated to give their customer utmost satisfaction with their products and services (Asaecenter.org, 2015). According to the Henri Fayols organizational theory, the staffs are specialized in different departments and the productivity increases as the staffs are well skilled and efficient in their work. Fayol has incorporated numbers of functional areas for the smooth flow of work on the other hand these functional areas are much more concerned with the high customer satisfaction, hence it have been possible for BQ to retain their potential customer and attracting new customer. At BQ, the industry moves towards the objectives in a direction (Diy.com, 2015). p.4.3 There is a number of numbers of performance expectations are established for each of group and there are number of KPI has been set and on the other hand there are several levels of competence and attainment have been created within companies development framework. The PMS have been introduced for the management team is known as Podium review. In this podium review management teams are assessed against three criteria, namely behaviours, standards and result (Asaecenter.org, 2015). A current PMS within the organization defines areas of responsibilities and job roles. A traffic light system has been used for the performance in the field of three criteria, i.e. learning, development and performance. Organizations senior executives require being clear about the achievable objectives both on the basis of long and short term efficiency of PM system. The effective monitoring of Performance Management system is not possible by involving couple of hours, rather it takes time, understanding and performance expectation along with high performance culture in the organization (Ivythesis.typepad.com, 2015). Hence, organization have become more planned and strategic and planned towards their work on the other hand. It is evident that the raise of technologies and advanced methodologies has introduced numbers of challenges and for continuous improvement on by supplying human resources only for being a successful organization, rather it is much more important to align individual objectives with the PM focused delivery system (C U S T O M E R S U C C E S S, 2015). While it is required for goal setting and work as per the planning and establishment of performance measurements, it is not just re quire being mechanical, rather is it required to perform setting good goals and interpersonal skills by eliminating motivational issues. Naturalisation and Culture of the work group performs a crucial role in a certain ways to obey the HMR policies within BQ. Hence, it has been possible for the employees within BQ balance the work culture within the internal environment. There are knowledge have been gained in the area of taking different competitive strategies within BQ; these experiences have been take place for the innovation, cost reduction and quality enhancement. Numbers of studies and researches have been conducted within the BQ to uncover the theories on influence of the network of relationships within which firms are working. References Asaecenter.org, (2015). 8 Common Leadership Styles- Associations Now Magazine - Resources - ASAE. 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[online] Available at: https://www.diy.com/help-advice/how-to-build-a-raised-deck/CC_npci_100131.art [Accessed 24 Jun. 2015]. Docslide.us, (2015). Strategic Management Performance in Block Quayle (BQ) - Documents. [online] Available at: https://docslide.us/documents/strategic-management-performance-in-block-quayle-bq.html [Accessed 24 Jun. 2015]. Duggan, Tara (2015) 'How Organization Theories Explain the Dynamic of the Diverse Workplace'. Small Business - Chron.com. [online] Available from: https://smallbusiness.chron.com/organization-theories-explain-dynamic-diverse-workplace-16662.html (Accessed 23 June 2015) EDWARDS, L. (1970). A review of: ganizational ClimateExplorations of a Concept . By R. TAGIURI and G. H. LITWIN (Editors). (Harvard Business School, 1969.) 50s. Ergonomics, 13(6), pp.807-808. Ferris, K. (2015). An Exploration of the performance management system in BQ. 1st ed. [ebook] Available at: https://trap.ncirl.ie/273/4/Karen_Ferris.pdf [Accessed 24 Jun. 2015]. Harlacher, J., Potter, J. and Weber, J. (2014). A Team-Based Approach to Improving Core Instructional Reading Practices Within Response to Intervention. Intervention in School and Clinic, 50(4), pp.210-220. Ivythesis.typepad.com, (2015). Strategic Process: Analyses of BQ and HOMEBASE cases - Thinking Made Easy. [online] Available at: https://ivythesis.typepad.com/term_paper_topics/2008/05/strategic-proce.html#axzz3dyYIYn4I [Accessed 24 Jun. 2015]. Kabacoff, Robert I (2015) 'Age Differences in Organizational Leadership'. www.mrg.com. [online] Available from: https://www.mrg.com/uploads/PDFs/age_and_leadership_2012.pdf (Accessed 23 June 2015) Kammerer, R. (2015). 116. Structural basis for recognition of synaptic vesicle protein 2C by botulinum neurotoxin A. Toxicon, 93, pp.S35-S36. Legacee, (2015). Types of Leadership Styles. [online] Available at: https://www.legacee.com/types-of-leadership-styles/ [Accessed 24 Jun. 2015]. Managementparadise.com, (2015). Leadership Style at Coca-Cola Company. [online] Available at: https://www.managementparadise.com/forums/foundation-human-skills-f-h-s/221096-leadership-style-coca-cola-company.html [Accessed 24 Jun. 2015]. P071. Defining the aims of multi-disciplinary team driven care within an inflammatory bowel disease service provision - Results from a Delphi consensus-building methodology. (2015). Journal of Crohn's and Colitis, 9(suppl 1), pp.S113-S113. Researchgate.net, (2015). [online] Available at: https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Jesse_Munyua/publication/264546311_Management__Leadership_styles_at_Coca-Cola_Company/links/53e478470cf21cc29fc8f905 [Accessed 24 Jun. 2015]. Sami Malallah's Blog, (2010). Leadership Styles. [online] Available at: https://smalallah.com/management/leadership-styles/ [Accessed 24 Jun. 2015]. Scribd.com, (2015). Leadership Style at Coca-Cola Company - ManagementParadise.com - Worlds Leading Management Portal. Online MBA | Classroom to Boardroom and Beyond. 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The Fall of IBM

History, Development and Growth In early 1970s, IBM was the largest manufacturer of computers in the world. It was able to achieve rapid growth in revenue and market share due to the sale of its 360-mainframe computer model. The 360 model was later improved through the development of the 370-mainframe model.Advertising We will write a custom report sample on The Fall of IBM specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More By mid 1970s, IBM began to face high competition from small companies that were able to produce cheap computers whose qualities were either equal to or superior to its models. Following the technological advancements that led to the reduction of the lifespan of mainframe computers, IBM changed its strategy from leasing to selling computers. Additionally, it developed new computer models such as the AS400 to compete with low cost minicomputers. By 1991, high competition led to significant reduction in computer prices. Moreover, I BM was not able to develop new products in time. Consequently, its market share reduced drastically. The management’s attempt to restructure the firm was not successful since it continued to make losses. Nonetheless, the company returned to profitability in 2000. In the last three years, the company has been making at least 10 billion in net profits (IBM). However, it generates over 60% of its revenues from services and software rather than the sale of computer hardware. Strengths First, IBM was able to develop high quality computers in 1970s and 1980s, thereby gaining the largest market share in the industry. Second, the company had a dedicated and high performing sales force. This enabled it to increase its sales and to earn high profits from its mainframe computers. Third, IBM was able to offer excellent services to its clients, thereby enhancing customer loyalty. Fourth, the company had adequate capital, which enabled it to develop new products and to offer high quality s ervices. For example, it invested $32 billion in the construction of new manufacturing plants in order to produce low cost computers. Finally, IBM has a strong brand image that is known for quality and reliability. This strength has enabled it to increase its earnings from software and services since 2000 (IBM).Advertising Looking for report on computer science? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Weaknesses First, the company did not focus on market research in order to identify customer needs. Consequently, it was not able to develop new products in time to satisfy emerging market needs. Second, IBM’s research and development initiatives focused on improving its existing products rather than developing new ones. Thus, it always developed new products to compete with those of its rivals rather than to satisfy customer needs. Consequently, the company lost its competitiveness in the hardware segment of the market. Third, IB M lost its competitiveness due to its inability to reduce its operating costs. Finally, the company had an undesirable organizational culture, which discouraged innovation and cooperation among its technical team members. PEST Analysis Political Factors The pursuit of protectionist policies by major computer producing countries is the main political factor that affects the global computer industry. From 1960 to 1980, most Asian countries such as Japan, Singapore, and Korea focused on supporting their computer industries through research and development. Consequently, the â€Å"Asia-Pacific region emerged as the leading producer of computer hardware and associated products such as semiconductors†. Additionally, countries such as China and Japan charged 82% and 25% import duty respectively in order to discourage importation of computers from the USA. Since 2000, major trading blocs such as the European Union and ASEAN use preferential tariffs to benefit their member countries a t the expense of other computer producers such as the USA. In this regard, protectionist policies will continue to limit IBM’s ability to increase its share of the global computer market. Economic Factors Business cycle and the level of economic activity have great impact in the computer industry. In 1970s and 1980s, large companies were the main customers in the industry. Consequently, computer producers had to reduce the prices of their products in order to enable their customers (businesses) to lower their operating costs. Nonetheless, it also led to the emergence of new segments such as outsourcing of data services. During the 2008/2009 global economic crisis, the sales of computers declined because most companies focused on cost cutting measures rather than new investments. This implies that demand for IBM’s hardware and software products is likely to decline during recessions and vice versa.Advertising We will write a custom report sample on The Fall of IBM specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Social Factors The use of computers in educational institutions provided high demand for hardware and software from 1970s to 1980s. In 1990s, new market segments such as users of personal computers at home emerged. In the last decade, the use of computers among the youth for learning, communication, and entertainment purposes increased significantly . Additionally, most governmental organizations have focused on the use of computers to provide services such as health care and education. The continuation of these social trends is likely to boost demand for computers in future. Technology Technology is the backbone of the computer industry because it determines new product development, product distribution, and provision of customer support services. Since 1980s, technological advancements have significantly reduced the lifecycle of computers and peripheral devices, thereby forcing manufacturers to devel op new products within a short time. In the last ten years, investments in research and development have led to the production of a variety of computer models and peripheral devices in response to emerging market needs. Thus, technological advancements enable computer manufacturers to serve new market segments. Nonetheless, technological transfers have led to the increase in the number of computer producers and independent software developers, thereby increasing competition. Porter’s Five Forces Analysis Threat of New Entrants Major players in the industry such as IBM, HP, and Toshiba have established several efficient manufacturing centers in various parts of the world. This enables them to achieve economies of scale in production. Moreover, the amount of capital required to join the industry has significantly reduced because most new entrants hire existing producers to manufacture hardware on their behalf. Similarly, the number of independent software developers has increas ed substantially because knowledge is the main resource that they need to join the industry. Overall, the threat of new entrants is high in the software segment and moderate in the hardware segment of the industry. This means that IBM is likely to lose its market share as more firms join the software segment of the industry. Power of Buyers Computer manufacturers have a low bargaining power because they are very many, whereas suppliers of high quality inputs such as operating systems and chipboards are very few. For example, nearly all producers depend on Microsoft’s operating systems and Intel’s processors.Advertising Looking for report on computer science? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Moreover, suppliers’ products such as processors are high differentiated in terms of their speed and reliability. These products are very import to computer manufacturers because they determine the quality of the final product. The threat of backward integration is also low because most manufacturers find it expensive to produce all computer parts on their own. Buyers of computers, on the other hand, have a high bargaining power because their switching costs are very low. Additionally, most computers are not differentiated since they are compatible with nearly all models in the market. Thus, buyers can easily switch from one model to another. The low bargaining power of producers means that companies such as IBM cannot easily negotiate for low prices for key supplies such as operating systems. Additionally, the high bargaining power of buyers means that IBM and its competitors cannot pass high production cost to their customers. Power of Suppliers Suppliers are very influenti al in the industry because most of their products are highly differentiated. Furthermore, the threat of forward integration is high because some software developers usually sell directly to end users. Nonetheless, the increase in the number of producers of computer parts has reduced the influence of suppliers in the industry. Additionally, some computer manufacturers produce their own inputs, thereby reducing the demand for suppliers’ products. In this regard, suppliers have a moderate bargaining power. This means that they can exploit computer manufacturers through high prices of products, which have few substitutes such as Microsoft’s operating systems. Threat of Substitutes The threat of substitutes is very low because there are no machines that can rival computers in data processing and management. Thus, demand for computers is likely to continue rising as the world economy grows. Nonetheless, brand or model substitution is very high. For example, mainframes have l ost their competitiveness to laptops and personal computers. This means that companies that are not able to engage in rapid product development will lose their market shares or run out of business in future. Competitive Rivalry Competitive rivalry is very high in the industry due to the following reasons. First, the number of computer producers and software developers is very high. Second, firms have high fixed costs because the industry is capital intensive. For example, IBM had over 300,000 employees in 1980s. Third, product differentiation is very low in the industry. This is because manufacturers produce computers with standard or similar features such as speed and storage capacity. Finally, exit barriers are high because producers with large manufacturing plants find it difficult to sell their facilities in order to quit the industry. The high competition means that no company will be able to maintain a dominant position in the market. Additionally, product prices are likely to decline significantly, thereby reducing IBM’s profit margins. Industry Life-cycle Analysis Introduction Stage The industry was at its introduction stage in the 1950s when commercial production of computers became popular. During this period, most producers focused on research in order to develop high quality computers. There were very few producers and computers were very expensive due to high production costs. Though competition was low, profits did not rise rapidly due to low demand. Growth Stage The industry recorded high growth from late 1960s to mid 1980s. During this period, companies focused on product standardization in order to achieve economies of scale. This led to the emergence of IBM’s mainframe computers as the dominant model in the industry. Additionally, demand was very high as most businesses focused on acquiring computers in order to improve their operations. The high demand led to high profits in the industry. For example, IBM earned over 50% profit margin on most of its products. The attractiveness of the industry led to the increase of new entrants, thereby intensifying competition. Consequently, most firms focused on product differentiation in order to serve new segments. Additionally, most companies joined international markets in order to increase their sales. Maturity Stage The maturity stage of the industry began in mid 1980s and lasted until early 2000s. This period was characterized with high competition and significant price reductions. For instance, the prices of IBM’s personal computers were nearly three times cheaper in 1993 than they were in 1991. In order to improve their sales, firms competed on the basis of price and product quality. Additionally, they focused on process innovation in order to lower their costs. Companies that were not able to survive the competition ran out of business. For example, Hewlett-Packard acquired Compaq in 2002. Decline The decline stage began in mid 2000s following increase d competition and the 2008/2009 global economic downturn. Profits have been declining steadily, especially, in the hardware segment. Furthermore, mergers and acquisitions have increased in the industry since 2004. For example, Lenovo bought IBM’s PC segment in 2005, Acer acquired Gateway Inc. in 2007, and Alcatel acquired Lucent Technologies in 2007. Since 2004, services and software have replaced hardware as the main source of revenue. Due to declining growth, companies have focused on defending their market shares and maintaining their profitability. Currently, Hewlett-Packard, Dell, and Apple dominate the hardware segment. On the other hand, IBM and Microsoft lead in the service and software segment. SWOT Analysis The threats facing IBM include high competition, buyers with high bargaining power, and high threat of new entrants in the software segment. The opportunities in the industry include technological advancements that aid product development, potential increase in d emand as global economy grows, and the emergence of new segments. In the software segment, IBM is likely to overcome competition due to its strong sales force, brand image, and excellent customer services. These strengths will enable the company to retain its existing customers and to attract new ones. Nonetheless, IBM is not likely to survive the competition in the hardware segment. This is because its organizational culture discourages innovation by sabotaging the development of computer models that compete with mainframes. Thus, it will not be able to develop new computer models in response to changing market needs. This risk is exacerbated by the fact that IBM focuses on selling existing products rather than analyzing market needs in order to develop relevant products. Finally, IBM will not be able to overcome competition from low cost producers due to its inability to reduce its operating costs. The company can continue to pursue its corporate strategy profitably because it is capable of providing high quality products and enhancing customer loyalty. Concisely, it has a strong competitive position in the software segment. IBM can overcome high competition in the hardware segment by investing in low-cost production plants, as well as, technological and market research. Nonetheless, the company might not afford these investments because it is not very stable financially. In particular, its net profits grew by only 1.2% in the last three years. Additionally, its return on invested capital (ROIC) increased from 0.13 in 2010 to 0.14 in 2012. IBM’s liquidity is also not high because its current ratio (CA) in 2012 was only 1.13. Most importantly, the company has a high debt-to-equity ratio of 5.28. This means that IBM depends on borrowed capital to fund its investments. Thus, the cost of additional borrowing (interest on loans) will lower the company’s profits. Corporate Strategy IBM’s mission is to offer effective, high-quality products, an d services to its clients. Thus, its initial corporate strategy was to manufacture and to lease computers to businesses. After losing its competitiveness in the hardware segment, the company changed its corporate strategy to provision of services such as cloud computing and software development. This strategy has three advantages. First, it enables the company to increase its revenue by selling improved versions of its software products to existing customers. Second, IBM has a dominant position in the software segment. Thus, it is likely to generate high revenue by serving this segment. Finally, the strategy enables the company to maintain strong relationships with its customers through provision of regular support services. Nonetheless, IBM faces high competition in the software segment from low-cost companies that are also able to offer high quality products. In this regard, the company can lose its competiveness in the software segment if it is not able to lower its costs. Busine ss level Strategy IBM has three main divisions namely hardware, software and services. In the hardware division, the company pursues a differentiation strategy by developing computers with superior capabilities. This enables it to charge a premium price in order to make high profits. The company also follows the differentiation strategy in its software division. This involves developing application software products that satisfy the needs of individual clients. The company pursues a focus strategy in its service division. In this case, it concentrates on serving businesses that need outsourcing services such as cloud computing, management of data centers, and computer maintenance (IBM). IBM provides differentiated services in this segment in order to enhance customer satisfaction. In order to succeed in pursuing the differentiation strategy, IBM invests heavily in research and development (IBM). This enables it to understand customer needs and to develop appropriate products for eac h client. Additionally, it focuses on human resource development through training and adequate remuneration in order to retain its talented workforce. The company owes its success to its employees who maintain positive business relationships with its clients. Structure and Control Systems IBM uses a functional organizational structure in order to control its operations. This structure involves organizing the business into units that specialize in specific activities such as sales and marketing or research and development. The functional structure was adopted so that the company can achieve efficiency in production. On the contrary, the structure has partly contributed to the challenges facing the company. For example, the research and development team usually takes a long time to make decisions concerning new product development. Additionally, managers have to seek approvals from top management before making decisions such as price changes. This slows down the decision-making proces s, thereby reducing the efficiency of the firm. In this regard, IBM should use a product structure in order to enhance efficiency in product development. IBM’s remuneration system succeeded in enhancing employees’ motivation and productivity. For example, the sales executives were able to meet their targets because they were paid high commissions. Nonetheless, the remuneration system did not encourage cooperation between divisions. For example, mainframe managers were not reward in order to encourage them to cooperate with employees in the minicomputers division. Recommendations IBM can improve its competiveness by changing its corporate strategy. In particular, it should focus on increasing the production of hardware and development of software. This will involve introducing new low cost computer models rather than depending on the sale of mainframes. Moreover, the company can diversify its hardware division by producing related products such as smart phones and modem s. Revitalizing the hardware division will enable the company to reduce its dependence on revenues from software and service divisions. This can be achieved by adopting a product organizational structure that enables managers to make quick decisions regarding sales and product development. In this regard, each product division will be allocated enough resources to conduct activities such as research and marketing in order to identify customer needs. Finally, IBM needs to change its organizational culture by promoting cooperation among managers and focusing on market needs rather than the success of existing products. These recommendations can be implemented within five years as shown in table 1 in the appendix. Works Cited Amason, Allen. Strategic Mangement. New York: McGraw-Hill, 2010. Print. Bridwell, Larry and Chun Kuo. â€Å"An Analysis of the Computer Industry in China and Taiwan Using Michael Porter’s Determinants of National Competitive Advantage.† International Business Journal 3.1 (2005): 116-120. Print. IBM. About IBM. International Business Machines Corporation, 31 Dec. 2012.Web. Print. Katsioloudes, Marios. Strategic Management. New York: McGraw-Hill, 2012. Print. Kraemer, Kenneth and Jason Dedrick. Enter the Dragon: China’s Computer Industry. Irvine: University of California, 2012. Print. Riain, Sean. â€Å"Dominance and Change in the Global Computer Industry: Military, Bureaucratic, and Network State Developmentalisms.† Studies in Comparative International Development 4.1 (2006): 76-98. Print. This report on The Fall of IBM was written and submitted by user Mohammed Stark to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.